Novosti v patogenezi in obravnavi bolnikov s sindromom takotsubo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6016/ZdravVestn.3451Ključne besede:
srčno popuščanje, stres, kateholamini, mikrovaskularna disfunkcija, zdravljenjePovzetek
V zadnjih 30 letih od prvega opisa v strokovni literaturi je sindrom takotsubo postal prepoznavna in uveljavljena klinična entiteta. Podatki kažejo, da znaša prevalenca bolnikov s sindromom takotsubo približno 1–3 % vseh bolnikov z elevacijami spojnice ST in simptomi, ki posnemajo akutni koronarni sindrom. Hkrati približno 4 % bolnikov po akutni fazi sindroma takotsubo vsaj enkrat ponovno zboli za to boleznijo. Gre za vrsto akutnega srčnega popuščanja neishemične etiologije s sorazmerno hitrim okrevanjem krčljivosti miokarda. Sindrom pogosto sproži močan stresni dogodek, ali fizični (npr. sepsa) oz. psihični (npr. izguba bližnjega), pri približno tretjini bolnikov pa jasnega sprožilnega dogodka ne uspemo zanesljivo opredeliti. Glede na klinični potek v akutni fazi bolezni bolnike s sindromom takotsubo delimo v 2 podskupini; bolnike s simptomi akutnega koronarnega sindroma in bolnike s simptomi, katerih simptomi niso v skladu z akutnim koronarnim sindromom. Zaradi nespecifičnih simptomov in znakov je prepoznavanje bolnikov s sindromom takotsubo še vedno diagnostični izziv. Hipoteze o hitrem okrevanju krčljivosti srčne mišice in ugodnem poteku bolezni so nedavno izzvali izsledki novejših raziskav, ki so pokazali primerljivo smrtnost in pogostost akutnih srčno-žilnih zapletov med bolniki s sindromom takotsubo in akutnim koronarnim sindromom. Prav tako novejši podatki kažejo, da podskupina bolnikov po akutni fazi sindroma takotsubo lahko razvije kronično srčno popuščanje. Sindrom takotsubo tako ni benigna bolezen in zahteva nove pristope k diagnostični in terapevtski obravnavi teh bolnikov. V članku želimo predstaviti novosti za razumevanje patogeneze in novosti pri obravnavi bolnikov s sindromom takotsubo in spremljati svoje izkušnje pri obravnavi teh bolnikov.
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