Anxiety and coronary heart disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6016/ZdravVestn.2430Keywords:
anxiety, coronary heart disease, comorbidity, antidepressantsAbstract
In patients with coronary heart disease anxiety is often overlooked. Symptoms of anxiety are often similar to coronary heart disease symptoms. The prevalence of anxiety in general population and coronary heart disease patients is very high. While the underlying pathophysiology of the connection remains unclear, anxiety lowers the quality of life and is a factor for a higher risk of morbidity and mortality due to coronary heart disease.
Downloads
References
Celano CM, Millstein RA, Bedoya CA, Healy BC, Roest AM, Huffman JC. Association between anxiety and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis. Am Heart J. 2015 Dec;170(6):1105–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2015.09.013 PMID:26678632
Moser DK, McKinley S, Riegel B, Doering LV, Meischke H, Pelter M, et al. Relationship of persistent symptoms of anxiety to morbidity and mortality outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease. Psychosom Med. 2011 Nov-Dec;73(9):803–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182364992 PMID:22021458
Lichtman JH, Froelicher ES, Blumenthal JA, Carney RM, Doering LV, Frasure-Smith N, et al.; American Heart Association Statistics Committee of the Council on Epidemiology and Prevention and the Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing. Depression as a risk factor for poor prognosis among patients with acute coronary syndrome: systematic review and recommendations: a scientifc statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2014 Mar;129(12):1350–69. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000019 PMID:24566200
Bunevicius A, Staniute M, Brozaitiene J, Pop VJ, Neverauskas J, Bunevicius R. Screening for anxiety disorders in patients with coronary artery disease [Internet]. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2013 Mar;11(1):37. Available from: http://www.hqlo.com/content/11/1/37 https://doi.org/10.1186/1477–7525–11–37 PMID:23497087
Moryś JM, Bellwon J, Adamczyk K, Gruchała M. Depression and anxiety in patients with coronary artery disease, measured by means of self-report measures and clinician-rated instrument. Kardiol Pol. 2016;74(1):53–60. PMID:26101024
Konnopka A, Leichsenring F, Leibing E, König HH. Cost-of-illness studies and cost-effectiveness analyses in anxiety disorders: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2009 Apr;114(1–3):14–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.07.014 PMID:18768222
Tully PJ, Penninx BW. Depression and anxiety among coronary heart disease patients: can affect dimensions and theory inform diagnostic disorder-based screening? J Clin Psychol. 2012 Apr;68(4):448–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21828 PMID:22308051
Tully PJ, Cosh SM, Baumeister H. Te anxious heart in whose mind? A systematic review and meta-regression of factors associated with anxiety disorder diagnosis, treatment and morbidity risk in coronary heart disease. J Psychosom Res. 2014 Dec;77(6):439–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.10.001 PMID:25455809
Roest AM, Martens EJ, de Jonge P, Denollet J. Anxiety and risk of incident coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Jun;56(1):38–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.034 PMID:20620715
Emdin CA, Odutayo A, Wong CX, Tran J, Hsiao AJ, Hunn BH. Meta-Analysis of Anxiety as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Cardiol. 2016 Aug;118(4):511–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.05.041 PMID:27324160
Vogelzangs N, Seldenrijk A, Beekman AT, van Hout HP, de Jonge P, Penninx BW. Cardiovascular disease in persons with depressive and anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord. 2010 Sep;125(1–3):241–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.02.112 PMID:20223521
Katerndahl DA. Chest pain and its importance in patients with panic disorder: an updated literature review. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;10(5):376–83. https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.v10n0505 PMID:19158976
Tully PJ, Cosh SM. Generalized anxiety disorder prevalence and comorbidity with depression in coronary heart
disease: a meta-analysis. J Health Psychol. 2013 Dec;18(12):1601–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105312467390 PMID:23300050
Jespersen L, Abildstrøm SZ, Hvelplund A, Prescott E. Persistent angina: highly prevalent and associated with long-term anxiety, depression, low physical functioning, and quality of life in stable angina pectoris. Clin Res Cardiol. 2013 Aug;102(8):571–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392–013–0568-z PMID:23636227
Jespersen L, Hvelplund A, Abildstrøm SZ, Pedersen F, Galatius S, Madsen JK, et al. Stable angina pectoris with no obstructive coronary artery disease is associated with increased risks of major adverse cardiovascular events. Eur Heart J. 2012 Mar;33(6):734–44. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehr331 PMID:21911339
Ketterer MW, Bekkouche NS, Goldberg AD, McMahon RP, Krantz DS. Symptoms of anxiety and depression are correlates of angina pectoris by recent history and an ischemia-positive treadmill test in patients with documented coronary artery disease in the Pimi study. Article (ID): Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol; 2011. 7 pp.[Internet]. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/134040.
Pimple P, Shah AJ, Rooks C, Douglas Bremner J, Nye J, Ibeanu I, et al. Angina and mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia. J Psychosom Res. 2015 May;78(5):433–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.02.007 PMID:25727240
Trotter R, Gallagher R, Donoghue J. Anxiety in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. Heart Lung. 2011 May-Jun;40(3):185–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2010.05.054 PMID:20723986
Astin F, Jones K, Tompson DR. Prevalence and patterns of anxiety and depression in patients undergoing elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Heart Lung. 2005 Nov-Dec;34(6):393–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2005.05.002 PMID:16324958
Uzun S, Vural H, Uzun M, Yokusoglu M. State and trait anxiety levels before coronary angiography. J Clin Nurs. 2008 Mar;17(5):602–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365–2702.2007.02018.x PMID:18279293
Gallagher R, Trotter R, Donoghue J. Preprocedural concerns and anxiety assessment in patients undergoing coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary interventions [Internet]. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2010 Mar;9(1):38–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2009.09.001 PMID:19846343
Chaudhury S, Srivastava K. Relation of depression, anxiety, and quality of life with outcome after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. ScientifcWorldJournal [Internet]. 2013;Article ID(5 pages):2013. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/465979.
Spindler H, Pedersen SS, Serruys PW, Erdman RA, van Domburg RT. Type-D personality predicts chronic anxiety following percutaneous coronary intervention in the drug-eluting stent era. J Affect Disord. 2007 Apr;99(1–3):173–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2006.09.009 PMID:17049996
Pedersen SS, Smith OR, De Vries J, Appels A, Denollet J. Course of anxiety symptoms over an 18-month period in exhausted patients post percutaneous coronary intervention [Internet]. Psychosom Med. 2008 Apr;70(3):349–55. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18378871 PMID:18378871
Pedersen SS, Denollet J, Spindler H, Ong AT, Serruys PW, Erdman RA, et al. Anxiety enhances the detrimental effect of depressive symptoms on health status following percutaneous coronary intervention. J Psychosom Res. 2006 Dec;61(6):783–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.06.009 PMID:17141666
van den Berge JC, Utens EM, Dulfer K, Hartman EM, van Geuns RJ, Daemen J, et al. Can anxiety and depression, separately or in combination predict subjective health status 10 years post-PCI? [Internet]. Int J Cardiol. 2015;186:57–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.147 PMID:25814344
van Dijk MR, Utens EM, Dulfer K, Al-Qezweny MN, van Geuns RJ, Daemen J, et al. Depression and anxiety symptoms as predictors of mortality in PCI patients at 10 years of follow-up. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016 Mar;23(5):552–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487315571889 PMID:25665581
Meyer T, Hussein S, Lange HW, Herrmann-Lingen C. Anxiety is associated with a reduction in both mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events fve years afer coronary stenting. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2015 Jan;22(1):75–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487313505244 PMID:24045768
Zhang P. Study of Anxiety/Depression in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Afer Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2015 Jun;72(2):503–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013–014–0495–2 PMID:25575895
Lv J, Zhang X, Ou S, Gu S, Su Z, Tong S, et al. Influence of Cognitive Behavioral Terapy on Mood and Quality of Life Afer Stent Implantation in Young and Middle-Aged Patients With Coronary Heart Disease. Int Heart J. 2016;57(2):167–72. https://doi.org/10.1536/ihj.15–259 PMID:26973262
Krannich JH, Weyers P, Lueger S, Herzog M, Bohrer T, Elert O. Presence of depression and anxiety before and after coronary artery bypass graf surgery and their relationship to age [Internet]. BMC Psychiatry. 2007 Sep;7(1):47. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2034548/ https://doi.org/10.1186/1471–244X-7–47 PMID:17850655
Tully PJ, Baker RA, Knight JL. Anxiety and depression as risk factors for mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Psychosom Res. 2008 Mar;64(3):285–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.09.007 PMID:18291243
Tully PJ, Winefeld HR, Baker RA, Denollet J, Pedersen SS, Wittert GA, et al. Depression, anxiety and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients following coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a five year longitudinal cohort study [Internet]. Biopsychosoc Med. 2015 May;9(14):14. Available from: https://bpsmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13030–015–0041–5 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13030–015–0041–5 PMID:26019721
Poole L, Ronaldson A, Kidd T, Leigh E, Jahangiri M, Steptoe A. Pre-surgical depression and anxiety and recovery following coronary artery bypass graf surgery [Internet]. J Behav Med (2017) 40:249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865–016–9775–1 PMID:27552993
Rosenbloom JI, Wellenius GA, Mukamal KJ, Mittleman MA. Self-reported anxiety and the risk of clinical events and atherosclerotic progression among patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafs (CABG). Am Heart J. 2009 Nov;158(5):867–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2009.08.019 PMID:19853710
Koivula M, Hautamäki-Lamminen K, Åstedt-Kurki P. Predictors of fear and anxiety nine years after coronary artery bypass grafting. J Adv Nurs. 2010 Mar;66(3):595–606. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365–2648.2009.05230.x PMID:20423394
Bjerkeset O, Nordahl HM, Mykletun A, Holmen J, Dahl AA. Anxiety and depression following myocardial infarction: gender differences in a 5-year prospective study. J Psychosom Res. 2005 Feb;58(2):153–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.07.011 PMID:15820843
Ketterer MW, Denollet J, Chapp J, Tayer B, Keteyian S, Clark V, et al. Men deny and women cry, but who dies? Do the wages of “denial” include early ischemic coronary heart disease? J Psychosom Res. 2004 Jan;56(1):119–23.
Janszky I, Ahnve S, Lundberg I, Hemmingsson T. Early-onset depression, anxiety, and risk of subsequent coronary heart disease: 37-year follow-up of 49,321 young Swedish men. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Jun;56(1):31–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.033 PMID:20620714
Shen BJ, Avivi YE, Todaro JF, Spiro A 3rd, Laurenceau JP, Ward KD, et al. Anxiety characteristics independently and prospectively predict myocardial infarction in men the unique contribution of anxiety among psychologic factors. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Jan;51(2):113–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2007.09.033 PMID:18191733
Strik JJ, Denollet J, Lousberg R, Honig A. Comparing symptoms of depression and anxiety as predictors of cardiac events and increased health care consumption after myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003 Nov;42(10):1801–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2003.07.007 PMID:14642691
Ouakinin SR. Anxiety as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Diseases [Internet]. Front Psychiatry. 2016 Feb;7:25. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00025 PMID:26941661
Blumenthal JA, Sherwood A, Smith PJ, Watkins L, Mabe S, Kraus WE, et al. Enhancing cardiac rehabilitation with stress management training: A randomized, clinical efcacy trial. Circulation. 2016 Apr;133(14):1341–50. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018926 PMID:27045127
Feng H, Chien W, Cheng W, Chung C, Cheng S, Tzeng W. Risk of anxiety and depressive disorders in patients with myocardial infarction. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95:34(e4464). http://journals.lww.com/md-journal/Fulltext/2016/08230/Risk_of_anxiety_and_depressive_disorders_in.28.aspx https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000004464.
Roest AM, Martens EJ, Denollet J, de Jonge P. Prognostic association of anxiety post myocardial infarction with mortality and new cardiac events: a meta-analysis. Psychosom Med. 2010 Jul;72(6):563–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181dbff97 PMID:20410247
Larsen KK, Christensen B, Nielsen TJ, Vestergaard M. Post-myocardial infarction anxiety or depressive symptoms and risk of new cardiovascular events or death: a population-based longitudinal study. Psychosom Med. 2014 Nov-Dec;76(9):739–46. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000115 PMID:25373894
Edmondson D, Newman JD, Whang W, Davidson KW. Emotional triggers in myocardial infarction: do they matter? Eur Heart J. 2013 Jan;34(4):300–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehs398 PMID:23178642
Player MS, Peterson LE. Anxiety disorders, hypertension, and cardiovascular risk: a review. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2011;41(4):365–77. https://doi.org/10.2190/PM.41.4.f PMID:22238841
Huffman JC, Smith FA, Blais MA, Januzzi JL, Fricchione GL. Anxiety, independent of depressive symptoms, is associated with in-hospital cardiac complications afer acute myocardial infarction. J Psychosom Res. 2008 Dec;65(6):557–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.08.001 PMID:19027445
Pignay-Demaria V, Lespérance F, Demaria RG, Frasure-Smith N, Perrault LP. Depression and anxiety and outcomes of coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann Torac Surg. 2003 Jan;75(1):314–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003–4975(02)04391–6 PMID:12537248
Zafar MU, Paz-Yepes M, Shimbo D, Vilahur G, Burg MM, Chaplin W, et al. Anxiety is a better predictor of platelet reactivity in coronary artery disease patients than depression. Eur Heart J. 2010 Jul;31(13):1573–82. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehp602 PMID:20097703
Munk PS, Isaksen K, Brønnick K, Kurz MW, Butt N, Larsen AI. Symptoms of anxiety and depression after percutaneous coronary intervention are associated with decreased heart rate variability, impaired endothelial function and increased inflammation. Int J Cardiol. 2012 Jun;158(1):173–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.04.085 PMID:22575625
Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos DB, Papageorgiou C, Tsetsekou E, Soldatos C, Stefanadis C. Anxiety in relation to inflammation and coagulation markers, among healthy adults: the ATTICA study. Atherosclerosis. 2006 Apr;185(2):320–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.06.001 PMID:16005881
Kores-Plesničar B, Plesničar A. Depresija in koronarna bolezen srca. Zdr Vestn. 2007;76:329–33.
Norlund F, Olsson EM, Burell G, Wallin E, Held C. Treatment of depression and anxiety with internet-based cognitive behavior therapy in patients with a recent myocardial infarction (U-CARE Heart): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial- Trials. 2015 Apr;16(1):154. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4404081/ https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063–015–0689-y PMID:25873137
Andrade C, Kumar CB, Surya S. Cardiovascular mechanisms of SSRI drugs and their benefits and risks in ischemic heart disease and heart failure. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013 May;28(3):145–55. https://doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0b013e32835d735d PMID:23325305
Maljuric NM, Noordam R, Aarts N, Niemeijer MN, van den Berg ME, Hofman A, et al. Use of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and the heart rate corrected QT interval in a real-life setting: the population-based Rotterdam Study. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Oct;80(4):698–705. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12681 PMID:25966843
Castro VM, Clements CC, Murphy SN, Gainer VS, Fava M, Weilburg JB, et al. QT interval and antidepressant use: a cross sectional study of electronic health records. BMJ. 2013 Jan;346 jan29 3:f288. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f288 PMID:23360890
Beach SR, Kostis WJ, Celano CM, Januzzi JL, Ruskin JN, Noseworthy PA, et al. Meta-analysis of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-associated QTc prolongation. J Clin Psychiatry. 2014 May;75(5):e441–9. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.13r08672 PMID:24922496
Roblek T, Vaupotic T, Mrhar A, Lainscak M. Drug-drug interaction sofware in clinical practice: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Feb;71(2):131–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228–014–1786–7PMID:25529225
Novak Sarotar B, Lainscak M. Psychocardiology in the elderly. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2016 Dec;128(S7 Suppl 7):474–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508–016–1139-x PMID:27896465
Published
Issue
Section
License
The Author transfers to the Publisher (Slovenian Medical Association) all economic copyrights following form Article 22 of the Slovene Copyright and Related Rights Act (ZASP), including the right of reproduction, the right of distribution, the rental right, the right of public performance, the right of public transmission, the right of public communication by means of phonograms and videograms, the right of public presentation, the right of broadcasting, the right of rebroadcasting, the right of secondary broadcasting, the right of communication to the public, the right of transformation, the right of audiovisual adaptation and all other rights of the author according to ZASP.
The aforementioned rights are transferred non-exclusively, for an unlimited number of editions, for the term of the statutory
The Author can make use of his work himself or transfer subjective rights to others only after 3 months from date of first publishing in the journal Zdravniški vestnik/Slovenian Medical Journal.
The Publisher (Slovenian Medical Association) has the right to transfer the rights of acquired parties without explicit consent of the Author.
The Author consents that the Article be published under the Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0 (attribution-non-commercial) or comparable licence.