Diabetic retinopathy as a subclinical inflammation: Vitreous and serum cytokine analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6016/ZdravVestn.2972Keywords:
diabetic retinopathy, inflammation, cytokines, VEGF, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8Abstract
Background: Diabetic retinopathy can be defined as chronic subclinical inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate levels of inflammatory cytokines in the vitreous and serum in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and in the control group. In addition, the purpose was to evaluate the levels of cytokines with regard to the activity of PDR. A better understanding of intraocular inflammation in patients with PDR could lead to the development of new treatment options for these patients.
Methods: The study included 37 patients with PDR (37 eyes) that required vitrectomy. Twenty patients with idiopathic macular hole (MH) served as a control group. The activity of PDR was defined based on preoperative examination and intraoperative evaluation of the fundus. Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) method was used for cytokine analysis. Cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) were analysed in vitreous and serum samples.
Results: Levels of all cytokines in the vitreous differed significantly from levels in the serum. Levels of MCP-1, VEGF, IL-6, IL-8 were significantly higher in the vitreous of patients with PDR in comparison with vitreous levels in the control group. Vitreous levels of MIP-1α, IL-10 and IL-12 in patients with PDR were significantly lower in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). Serum levels of cytokines were similar in both groups. Patients with active PDR had higher vitreous levels of MCP-1, VEGF, IL-6 and IL-8 in comparison with patients with inactive disease, although the differences were not significant.
Conclusion: Significant differences in cytokine levels in the vitreous compared to serum levels in patients with PDR indicate the importance of local intraocular inflammation. Higher levels of MCP-1, VEGF, IL-6 and IL-8 might reflect the activity of PDR.
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