The benefits of statin therapy outweigh their side effects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6016/ZdravVestn.3217Keywords:
statins, cholesterol, cardiovascular events, adverse effects, toxicityAbstract
Statins have been among the most commonly prescribed drugs in more than twenty years. By reducing LDL cholesterol, drugs from this group significantly reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Statins competitively inhibit the active site of the first and critical rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, HMG-CoA reductase. In addition to the effects on lowering LDL cholesterol, their mechanism of action is also responsible for most of the side effects. However, we do not have reliable data for that statement. The most common side effects, which are also the reason for discontinuing statin treatment, are related to muscle pain. The exact extent of the muscle adverse effects is not known, as we do not have a uniform definition of these side effects. Other side effects include newly onset of type 2 diabetes, hepatotoxicity, haemorrhagic stroke, and neurological disorders. Despite all these side effects, the benefits of statin treatment far outweigh these side effects. Despite new therapies to lower LDL cholesterol and thus reduce cardiovascular mortality, statin therapy will remain the first choice in both primary and secondary prevention for the next few years. The main drawback of the new therapies is that we do not have enough data on their long-term efficacy and safety. In any case, we should not neglect the economic aspect either, as the cost-effectiveness of statins is much higher compared to new drugs.
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