COVID-19: a killer with »silent hypoxemia«

Authors

  • Matevž Harlander Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-1934
  • Janez Tomažič Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  • Matjaž Turel Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  • Matjaž Jereb Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6016/ZdravVestn.3100

Keywords:

covid-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome, silent hypoxemia

Abstract

The most frequent symptoms and signs of SARS-CoV-2 infection are fever, cough, fatigue and weakness, loss of smell and taste and headache. In some covid-19 patients, there is rapidly progressing hypoxemia which is not accompanied by dyspnea or perception of increased work of breathing. It is called “silent hypoxemia” and it can be life-threatening. We present two cases of patients with covid-19 pneumonia, silent hypoxemia, and rapidly progressing respiratory failure. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Zhu J, Ji P, Pang J, Zhong Z, Li H, He C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 3062 COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2020;92(10):1902-14.
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25884
PMID: 32293716

2. Pan F, Ye T, Sun P, Gui S, Liang B, Li L, et al. Time Course of Lung Changes at Chest CT during Recovery from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Radiology. 2020;295(3):715-21.
DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020200370
PMID: 32053470

3. Shi H, Han X, Jiang N, Cao Y, Alwalid O, Gu J, et al. Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(4):425-34.
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30086-4
PMID: 32105637

4. Hong X, Xiong J, Feng Z, Shi Y. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): does it have a role in the treatment of severe COVID-19? Int J Infect Dis. 2020;94:78-80.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.058
PMID: 32251794

5. Parshall MB, Schwartzstein RM, Adams L, Banzett RB, Manning HL, Bourbeau J, et al.; American Thoracic Society Committee on Dyspnea. An official American Thoracic Society statement: update on the mechanisms, assessment, and management of dyspnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;185(4):435-52.
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201111-2042ST
PMID: 22336677

6. Burki NK, Lee LY. Mechanisms of dyspnea. Chest. 2010;138(5):1196-201.
DOI: 10.1378/chest.10-0534
PMID: 21051395

7. Moosavi SH, Golestanian E, Binks AP, Lansing RW, Brown R, Banzett RB. Hypoxic and hypercapnic drives to breathe generate equivalent levels of air hunger in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003;94(1):141-54.
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00594.2002
PMID: 12391041

8. Adams L, Chronos N, Lane R, Guz A. The measurement of breathlessness induced in normal subjects: individual differences. Clin Sci (Lond). 1986;70(2):131-40.
DOI: 10.1042/cs0700131
PMID: 3956105

9. Yuki K, Fujiogi M, Koutsogiannaki S. COVID-19 pathophysiology: A review. Clin Immunol. 2020;215:108427.
DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108427
PMID: 32325252

10. Weil JV, Byrne-Quinn E, Sodal IE, Friesen WO, Underhill B, Filley GF, et al. Hypoxic ventilatory drive in normal man. J Clin Invest. 1970;49(6):1061-72.
DOI: 10.1172/JCI106322
PMID: 5422012

11. Veit F, Weissmann N. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activation for treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187(6):569-71.
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201301-0133ED
PMID: 23504361

12. Verdecchia P, Cavallini C, Spanevello A, Angeli F. The pivotal link between ACE2 deficiency and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur J Intern Med. 2020;76:14-20.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.04.037
PMID: 32336612

13. Gattinoni L, Coppola S, Cressoni M, Busana M, Rossi S, Chiumello D. COVID-19 Does Not Lead to a “Typical” Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201(10):1299-300.
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0817LE
PMID: 32228035

14. Lang M, Som A, Mendoza DP, Flores EJ, Reid N, Carey D, et al. Hypoxaemia related to COVID-19: vascular and perfusion abnormalities on dual-energy CT. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;S1473-3099(20):30367-4.
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30367-4
PMID: 32359410

15. Wang J, Hajizadeh N, Moore EE, McIntyre RC, Moore PK, Veress LA, et al. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment for COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): A case series. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(7):1752-5.
DOI: 10.1111/jth.14828
PMID: 32267998

16. Ottestad W, Søvik S. COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure: what can we learn from aviation medicine? Br J Anaesth. 2020;125(3):e280-1.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.04.012
PMID: 32362340

17. Xie J, Covassin N, Fan Z, Singh P, Gao W, Li G, et al. Association Between Hypoxemia and Mortality in Patients With COVID-19. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020;95(6):1138-47.
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.04.006
PMID: 32376101

18. Zheng Z, Peng F, Xu B, Zhao J, Liu H, Peng J, et al. Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2020;81(2):e16-25.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.021
PMID: 32335169

Published

2020-12-14

How to Cite

1.
COVID-19: a killer with »silent hypoxemia«. ZdravVestn [Internet]. 2020 Dec. 14 [cited 2024 Sep. 28];89(11-12):640-7. Available from: https://vestnik.szd.si/index.php/ZdravVest/article/view/3100

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 > >>