Deposition of drugs on biocompatible substrates using the 2D printing method for the preparation of personalized dosage forms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6016/ZdravVestn.3347Keywords:
personalized therapy, inkjet printer, ink for 2D printing, nanoparticle dispersion, biocompatible printing substratesAbstract
The importance of personalized treatment is drastically growing since the awareness of people’s diversity, especially of the diversity of their organisms, is increasing every year. Discoveries in genetics and their influence on the development of some diseases confirm the value of such treatment. Therefore, current research in pharmaceutical technology is increasingly leaning towards developing and optimizing dosage forms suitable for it. In this regard, more and more researchers are focusing on the development of 2D printing technology. Its convenience, the possibility of its extensive use, and the possibility for simple drug concertation adjustment are bringing this technology to the forefront. The drug inject printing principle is the same as printing text documents, yet the ink is replaced by drug dispersion, while paper sheets are replaced by various biocompatible substrates that serve as oral dosage forms. For this purpose, different types of printers meeting different specifications can be used to print drugs successfully. The advantages of such technology are the rapid production of personalized medicine and the ability to combine several different drugs simultaneously in a single dosage form. Despite all the advantages of printing technology, there are still some challenges that must be addressed before such a drug delivery system will reach the market and be available to patients.
Downloads
References
1. Florence AT, Lee VH. Personalised medicines: more tailored drugs, more tailored delivery. Int J Pharm. 2011;415(1-2):29-33.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.04.047
PMID: 21565262
2. Breitkreutz J, Boos J. Paediatric and geriatric drug delivery. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery. 2007;4(1):37-45.
DOI: 10.1517/17425247.4.1.37
PMID: 17184161
3. Mini E, Nobili S. Pharmacogenetics: implementing personalized medicine. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2009;6(1):17-24.
PMID: 22461093
4. Jones DR, Miller GP. Assays and applications in warfarin metabolism: what we know, how we know it and what we need to know. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2011;7(7):857-74.
DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2011.576247
PMID: 21480820
5. Tarkkala H, Helén I, Snell K. From health to wealth: the future of personalized medicine in the making. Futures. 2019;109:142-52.
DOI: 10.1016/j.futures.2018.06.004
6. Teng J, Song CK, Williams RL, Polli JE. Lack of medication dose uniformity in commonly split tablets. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2002;42(2):195-9.
DOI: 10.1331/108658002763508489
PMID: 11926662
7. van Santen E, Barends DM, Frijlink HW. Breaking of scored tablets: a review. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2002;53(2):139-45.
DOI: 10.1016/S0939-6411(01)00228-4
PMID: 11879995
8. Thomson SA, Tuleu C, Wong IC, Keady S, Pitt KG, Sutcliffe AG. Minitablets: new modality to deliver medicines to preschool-aged children. Pediatrics. 2009;123(2):e235-8.
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-2059
PMID: 19171575
9. Agrahari V, Agrahari V, Mitra AK. Nanocarrier fabrication and macromolecule drug delivery: challenges and opportunities. Ther Deliv. 2016;7(4):257-78.
DOI: 10.4155/tde-2015-0012
PMID: 27010987
10. Anselmo AC, Mitragotri S. Nanoparticles in the clinic. Bioeng Transl Med. 2016;1(1):10-29.
DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10003
PMID: 29313004
11. Merisko-Liversidge EM, Liversidge GG. Drug nanoparticles: formulating poorly water-soluble compounds. Toxicol Pathol. 2008;36(1):43-8.
DOI: 10.1177/0192623307310946
PMID: 18337220
12. Hafner A, Lovrić J, Lakoš GP, Pepić I. Nanotherapeutics in the EU: an overview on current state and future directions. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014;9:1005-23.
PMID: 24600222
13. Saldanha PL, Lesnyak V, Manna L. Large scale syntheses of colloidal nanomaterials. Nano Today. 2017;12:46-63.
DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2016.12.001
14. Alhnan MA, Okwuosa TC, Sadia M, Wan KW, Ahmed W, Arafat B. Emergence of 3D Printed Dosage Forms: opportunities and Challenges. Pharm Res. 2016;33(8):1817-32.
DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1933-1
PMID: 27194002
15. Di Prima M, Coburn J, Hwang D, Kelly J, Khairuzzaman A, Ricles L. Additively manufactured medical products - the FDA perspective. 3D Print Med. 2016;2:1.
DOI: 10.1186/s41205-016-0005-9
PMID: 29974058
16. Scoutaris N, Alexander MR, Gellert PR, Roberts CJ. Inkjet printing as a novel medicine formulation technique. J Control Release. 2011;156(2):179-85.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.07.033
PMID: 21827800
17. Kolakovic R, Viitala T, Ihalainen P, Genina N, Peltonen J, Sandler N. Printing technologies in fabrication of drug delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2013;10(12):1711-23.
DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.859134
PMID: 24256326
18. Alomari M, Vuddanda PR, Trenfield SJ, Dodoo CC, Velaga S, Basit AW, et al. Printing T3 and T4 oral drug combinations as a novel strategy for hypothyroidism. Int J Pharm. 2018;549(1-2):363-9.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.062
PMID: 30063938
19. Pardeike J, Strohmeier DM, Schrödl N, Voura C, Gruber M, Khinast JG, et al. Nanosuspensions as advanced printing ink for accurate dosing of poorly soluble drugs in personalized medicines. Int J Pharm. 2011;420(1):93-100.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.08.033
PMID: 21889582
20. Alomari M, Mohamed FH, Basit AW, Gaisford S. Personalised dosing: printing a dose of one’s own medicine. Int J Pharm. 2015;494(2):568-77.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.006
PMID: 25498157
21. Lind J, Kälvemark Sporrong S, Kaae S, Rantanen J, Genina N. Social aspects in additive manufacturing of pharmaceutical products. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2017;14(8):927-36.
DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1266336
PMID: 27892721
22. Jang D, Kim D, Moon J. Influence of fluid physical properties on ink-jet printability. Langmuir. 2009;25(5):2629-35.
DOI: 10.1021/la900059m
PMID: 19437746
23. Day SP, Shufflebottom L. Evidential value from ink-jet printers. Z Zagadnien Nauk Sadowych. 2001;46:356-74.
24. Prasad LK, Smyth H. 3D Printing technologies for drug delivery: a review. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2016;42(7):1019-31.
DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1120743
PMID: 26625986
25. Calvert P. Inkjet Printing for Materials and Devices. Chem Mater. 2001;13(10):3299-305.
DOI: 10.1021/cm0101632
26. Daly R, Harrington TS, Martin GD, Hutchings IM. Inkjet printing for pharmaceutics - A review of research and manufacturing. Int J Pharm. 2015;494(2):554-67.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.03.017
PMID: 25772419
27. Arshad MS, Shahzad A, Abbas N, AlAsiri A, Hussain A, Kucuk I, et al. Preparation and characterization of indomethacin loaded films by piezoelectric inkjet printing: a personalized medication approach. Pharm Dev Technol. 2020;25(2):197-205.
DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1684520
PMID: 31638453
28. Buanz AB, Belaunde CC, Soutari N, Tuleu C, Gul MO, Gaisford S. Ink-jet printing versus solvent casting to prepare oral films: effect on mechanical properties and physical stability. Int J Pharm. 2015;494(2):611-8.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.032
PMID: 25526674
29. Buanz AB, Saunders MH, Basit AW, Gaisford S. Preparation of personalized-dose salbutamol sulphate oral films with thermal ink-jet printing. Pharm Res. 2011;28(10):2386-92.
DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0450-5
PMID: 21544688
30. Edinger M, Bar-Shalom D, Sandler N, Rantanen J, Genina N. QR encoded smart oral dosage forms by inkjet printing. Int J Pharm. 2018;536(1):138-45.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.052
PMID: 29183858
31. Genina N, Fors D, Vakili H, Ihalainen P, Pohjala L, Ehlers H, et al. Tailoring controlled-release oral dosage forms by combining inkjet and flexographic printing techniques. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2012;47(3):615-23.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.07.020
PMID: 22902482
32. Meléndez PA, Kane KM, Ashvar CS, Albrecht M, Smith PA. Thermal inkjet application in the preparation of oral dosage forms: dispensing of prednisolone solutions and polymorphic characterization by solid-state spectroscopic techniques. J Pharm Sci. 2008;97(7):2619-36.
DOI: 10.1002/jps.21189
PMID: 17876767
33. Öblom H, Cornett C, Bøtker J, Frokjaer S, Hansen H, Rades T, et al. Data-enriched edible pharmaceuticals (DEEP) of medical cannabis by inkjet printing. Int J Pharm. 2020;589:119866.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119866
PMID: 32919002
34. Thabet Y, Lunter D, Breitkreutz J. Continuous inkjet printing of enalapril maleate onto orodispersible film formulations. Int J Pharm. 2018;546(1-2):180-7.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.04.064
PMID: 29753906
35. Vuddanda PR, Alomari M, Dodoo CC, Trenfield SJ, Velaga S, Basit AW, et al. Personalisation of warfarin therapy using thermal ink-jet printing. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2018;117:80-7.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.02.002
PMID: 29414676
36. Zakharyuta A, Sieger P, Braun C, Grube A. Inkjet printing platform for fabrication of uniform, excipient-free drug particles for pulmonary delivery in a preclinical setting. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2019;54:101226.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101226
37. Scoutaris N, Chai F, Maurel B, Sobocinski J, Zhao M, Moffat JG, et al. Development and Biological Evaluation of Inkjet Printed Drug Coatings on Intravascular Stent. Mol Pharm. 2016;13(1):125-33.
DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00570
PMID: 26592866
38. Boehm RD, Miller PR, Daniels J, Stafslien S, Narayan RJ. Inkjet printing for pharmaceutical applications. Mater Today. 2014;17(5):247-52.
DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2014.04.027
39. Choi M, Hwang J, Choi J, Hong J. Multicomponent High-throughput Drug Screening via Inkjet Printing to Verify the Effect of Immunosuppressive Drugs on Immune T Lymphocytes. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):6318.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06690-2
PMID: 28740226
40. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Q3C — Tables and List Guidance for Industry. Silver spring: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2017 [cited 2021 Sep 2]. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/media/71737/download.
41. Dong H, Carr WW, Morris JF. Visualization of drop-on-demand inkjet: drop formation and deposition. Rev Sci Instrum. 2006;77(8):085101.
DOI: 10.1063/1.2234853
42. Genina N, Fors D, Palo M, Peltonen J, Sandler N. Behavior of printable formulations of loperamide and caffeine on different substrates—effect of print density in inkjet printing. Int J Pharm. 2013;453(2):488-97.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.06.003
PMID: 23769992
43. Xu Q, Basaran O. Computational analysis of drop-on-demand drop formation. Physics of Fluids. Phys Fluids. 2007;19:102111.
44. Huang Q, Shen W, Song W. Synthesis of colourless silver precursor ink for printing conductive patterns on silicon nitride substrates. Appl Surf Sci. 2012;258(19):7384-8.
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.04.037
45. Raijada D, Genina N, Fors D, Wisaeus E, Peltonen J, Rantanen J, et al. A step toward development of printable dosage forms for poorly soluble drugs. J Pharm Sci. 2013;102(10):3694-704.
DOI: 10.1002/jps.23678
PMID: 23904182
46. Sun J, Wei X, Huang B. Influence of the viscosity of edible ink to piezoelectric ink-jet printing drop state. Appl Mech Mater. 2012;200:676-80.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.200.676
47. Wickström H, Palo M, Rijckaert K, Kolakovic R, Nyman JO, Määttänen A, et al. Improvement of dissolution rate of indomethacin by inkjet printing. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2015;75:91-100.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.03.009
PMID: 25817804
48. Sandler N, Määttänen A, Ihalainen P, Kronberg L, Meierjohann A, Viitala T, et al. Inkjet printing of drug substances and use of porous substrates-towards individualized dosing. J Pharm Sci. 2011;100(8):3386-95.
DOI: 10.1002/jps.22526
PMID: 21360709
49. López-Iglesias C, Casielles AM, Altay A, Bettini R, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, García-González CA. From the printer to the lungs: inkjet-printed aerogel particles for pulmonary delivery. Chem Eng J. 2019;357:559-66.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.09.159
50. Krainer S, Smit C, Hirn U. The effect of viscosity and surface tension on inkjet printed picoliter dots. RSC Advances. 2019;9(54):31708-19.
DOI: 10.1039/C9RA04993B
PMID: 35527935
51. Derby B. Inkjet Printing of Functional and Structural Materials: Fluid Property Requirements, Feature Stability, and Resolution. Annu Rev Mater Res. 2010;40(1):395-414.
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-matsci-070909-104502
52. Derby B, Reis N. Inkjet Printing of Highly Loaded Particulate Suspensions. MRS Bulletin. 2003;28:815-8.
DOI: 10.1557/mrs2003.230
53. Tai J, Gan HY, Liang YN, Lok BK. Control of Droplet Formation in Inkjet Printing Using Ohnesorge Number Category: Materials and Processes. In: 10th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference. Singapore. 2008; Ljubljana: Združenje za razvoj forenzične toksikologije in drugih forenzičnih ved - Fortox; 2010.
54. Soleimani-Gorgani A. 14 - Inkjet Printing. In: Izdebska J, Thomas S, eds. Printing on Polymers. Norwich: William Andrew Publishing; 2016.
55. Izdebska J. 1 - Printing on Polymers: Theory and Practice. In: Izdebska J, Thomas S, eds. Printing on Polymers. Norwich: William Andrew Publishing; 2016. pp. 1-20.
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-37468-2.00001-4
56. Wheeler JS, Yeates SG. Polymers in Inkjet Printing. Fundamentals of Inkjet Printing. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016. pp. 117-40.
57. Lee BK, Yun YH, Choi JS, Choi YC, Kim JD, Cho YW. Fabrication of drug-loaded polymer microparticles with arbitrary geometries using a piezoelectric inkjet printing system. Int J Pharm. 2012;427(2):305-10.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.02.011
PMID: 22366486
58. Goodall S, Chew N, Chan K, Auriac D, Waters MJ. Aerosolization of protein solutions using thermal inkjet technology. J Aerosol Med. 2002;15(3):351-7.
DOI: 10.1089/089426802760292717
PMID: 12396425
59. Mueannoom W, Srisongphan A, Taylor KM, Hauschild S, Gaisford S. Thermal ink-jet spray freeze-drying for preparation of excipient-free salbutamol sulphate for inhalation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2012;80(1):149-55.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.09.016
PMID: 22001519
60. Sharma G, Mueannoom W, Buanz AB, Taylor KM, Gaisford S. In vitro characterisation of terbutaline sulphate particles prepared by thermal ink-jet spray freeze drying. Int J Pharm. 2013;447(1-2):165-70.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.02.045
PMID: 23454848
61. Genina N, Janßen EM, Breitenbach A, Breitkreutz J, Sandler N. Evaluation of different substrates for inkjet printing of rasagiline mesylate. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2013;85(3):1075-83.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.03.017
PMID: 23563101
62. Montenegro-Nicolini M, Reyes PE, Jara MO, Vuddanda PR, Neira-Carrillo A, Butto N, et al. The Effect of Inkjet Printing over Polymeric Films as Potential Buccal Biologics Delivery Systems. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2018;19(8):3376-87.
DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1105-1
PMID: 29934803
63. Montenegro-Nicolini M, Miranda V, Morales JO. Inkjet Printing of Proteins: an Experimental Approach. AAPS J. 2017;19(1):234-43.
DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9997-8
PMID: 27739009
64. Wickström H, Nyman JO, Indola M, Sundelin H, Kronberg L, Preis M, et al. Colorimetry as Quality Control Tool for Individual Inkjet-Printed Pediatric Formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2017;18(2):293-302.
DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0620-1
PMID: 27738876
65. Cheow WS, Kiew TY, Hadinoto K. Combining inkjet printing and amorphous nanonization to prepare personalized dosage forms of poorly-soluble drugs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2015;96:314-21.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.08.012
PMID: 26325060
66. Palo M, Kolakovic R, Laaksonen T, Määttänen A, Genina N, Salonen J, et al. Fabrication of drug-loaded edible carrier substrates from nanosuspensions by flexographic printing. Int J Pharm. 2015;494(2):603-10.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.01.027
PMID: 25601198
67. Ko HY, Park J, Shin H, Moon J. Rapid Self-Assembly of Monodisperse Colloidal Spheres in an Ink-Jet Printed Droplet. Chem Mater. 2004;16(22):4212-5.
DOI: 10.1021/cm035256t
68. Planchette C, Pichler H, Wimmer-Teubenbacher M, Gruber M, Gruber-Woelfler H, Mohr S, et al. Printing medicines as orodispersible dosage forms: effect of substrate on the printed micro-structure. Int J Pharm. 2016;509(1-2):518-27.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.054
PMID: 26541301
69. Varan C, Wickström H, Sandler N, Aktaş Y, Bilensoy E. Inkjet printing of antiviral PCL nanoparticles and anticancer cyclodextrin inclusion complexes on bioadhesive film for cervical administration. Int J Pharm. 2017;531(2):701-13.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.036
PMID: 28432016
70. Magdassi S. Ink Requirements and Formulations Guidelines. The Chemistry of Inkjet Inks. Singapur: World Scientific; 2009. pp. 19-41.
71. Florence AT, Attwood D. Physicochemical Principles of Pharmacy. 5th Revised ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press; 2011.
72. Alexander KS, Haribhakti RP, Parker GA. Stability of acetazolamide in suspension compounded from tablets. 1991;48(6):1241-4.
PMID: 1858804
73. Ahire E, Thakkar S, Darshanwad M, Misra M. Parenteral nanosuspensions: a brief review from solubility enhancement to more novel and specific applications. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2018;8(5):733-55.
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.07.011
PMID: 30245962
74. Bock N, Dargaville TR, Woodruff MA. Electrospraying of polymers with therapeutic molecules: state of the art. Prog Polym Sci. 2012;37(11):1510-51.
DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.03.002
75. Ziaee A, Albadarin AB, Padrela L, Femmer T, O’Reilly E, Walker G. Spray drying of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals: critical parameters and experimental process optimization approaches. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2019;127:300-18.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.10.026
PMID: 30428336
76. Kiefer O, Breitkreutz J. Comparative investigations on key factors and print head designs for pharmaceutical inkjet printing. Int J Pharm. 2020;586:119561.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119561
PMID: 32585176
77. Ivanova TV, Baier G, Landfester K, Musin E, Al-Bataineh SA, Cameron DC, et al. Attachment of Poly(l-lactide) Nanoparticles to Plasma-Treated Non-Woven Polymer Fabrics Using Inkjet Printing. Macromol Biosci. 2015;15(9):1274-82.
DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500067
PMID: 26013285
78. Essel JT, Ihnen AC, Carter JD. Production of Naproxen Nanoparticle Colloidal Suspensions for Inkjet Printing Applications. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2014;53(7):2726-31.
DOI: 10.1021/ie4038517
79. Chou WH, Galaz A, Jara MO, Gamboa A, Morales JO. Drug-Loaded Lipid-Core Micelles in Mucoadhesive Films as a Novel Dosage Form for Buccal Administration of Poorly Water-Soluble and Biological Drugs. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(12):1168.
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121168
PMID: 33266132
80. Akagi T, Fujiwara T, Akashi M. Inkjet printing of layer-by-layer assembled poly(lactide) stereocomplex with encapsulated proteins. Langmuir. 2014;30(6):1669-76.
DOI: 10.1021/la404162h
PMID: 24460124
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
The Author transfers to the Publisher (Slovenian Medical Association) all economic copyrights following form Article 22 of the Slovene Copyright and Related Rights Act (ZASP), including the right of reproduction, the right of distribution, the rental right, the right of public performance, the right of public transmission, the right of public communication by means of phonograms and videograms, the right of public presentation, the right of broadcasting, the right of rebroadcasting, the right of secondary broadcasting, the right of communication to the public, the right of transformation, the right of audiovisual adaptation and all other rights of the author according to ZASP.
The aforementioned rights are transferred non-exclusively, for an unlimited number of editions, for the term of the statutory
The Author can make use of his work himself or transfer subjective rights to others only after 3 months from date of first publishing in the journal Zdravniški vestnik/Slovenian Medical Journal.
The Publisher (Slovenian Medical Association) has the right to transfer the rights of acquired parties without explicit consent of the Author.
The Author consents that the Article be published under the Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0 (attribution-non-commercial) or comparable licence.
