Akutno vnetje žolčnika – zgodnja operacija ali poskus konzervativnega zdravljenja?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6016/ZdravVestn.2496Ključne besede:
akutni holecistitis, laparoskopska holecistektomija, klasična holecistektomija, perkutana holecistostoma, smernice iz tokia, smernice svetovnega združenja za urgentno kirurgijoPovzetek
Akutno vnetje žolčnika oziroma akutni holecistitis je pogosta bolezen, ki večkrat zahteva sprejem v bolnišnico in kirurško zdravljenje. Najpogosteje se pojavlja pri ljudeh, ki imajo žolčne kamne, pojavi pa se lahko tudi v odsotnosti žolčnih kamnov. Diagnozo akutnega holecistitisa postavimo na osnovi klinične slike, laboratorijskih izvidov in ultrazvoka trebuha. Algoritmi za bolnike, ki imajo akutno vnetje žolčnika brez pridruženih bolezni, so znani; odločitev za kirurški poseg pri bolnikih s pridruženimi boleznimi pa je odvisna od več dejavnikov. Laparoskopska holecistektomija je metoda izbire zdravljenja bolnikov z akutnim holecistitisom. Rezultati zdravljenja so bistveno boljši, kadar kirurški poseg napravimo znotraj 72 ur od nastopa kliničnih znakov.
V prispevku so predstavljena najnovejša priporočila za obravnavo bolnikov z akutnim holecistitisom, povzeta po smernicah iz Tokia ter smernicah Svetovnega združenja za urgentno kirurgijo iz leta 2016 ter na koncu še izsledki in izkušnje nekaterih kliničnih študij in metaanaliz.
Prenosi
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