Več kot le rak materničnega vratu: neoplazme v povezavi z okužbo s človeškimi papilomavirusi in njihovo preprečevanje
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6016/ZdravVestn.3037Ključne besede:
humani papilomavirusi, benigne in maligne spremembe anogenitalnega predela, neoplazme glave in vratu, cepljenjePovzetek
Človeški (humani) papilomavirusi (HPV) so heterogena skupina virusov, ki jih etiološko povezujemo z benignimi in malignimi novotvorbami ploščatoceličnega epitela. Prav tako pa se vpletajo tudi v karcinogenezo adenokarcinomov. Zmotno je prepričanje, da je okužba s HPV povezana zgolj z rakom materničnega vratu. Številne raziskave so potrdile povezavo med okužbo s HPV in nastankom anogenitalnih bradavic, papilomatoze grla, raka glave in vratu ter nenazadnje novotvorb zunanjega spolovila, nožnice, anusa in penisa. Okužba s HPV je danes v razvitih državah poznana kot najpogostejša spolno prenosljiva bolezen. Z njo se okuži večina spolno aktivnih ljudi vsaj enkrat v življenju. Pred okužbo se lahko zaščitimo s splošnimi ukrepi, kot so manjše število spolnih partnerjev, kasnejši začetek spolnega življenja ter varno in odgovorno vedenje. Trenutno ne poznamo specifičnega protivirusnega zdravljenja okužbe s HPV. Najuspešnejša metoda, s katero lahko preprečimo okužbo s HPV, je cepljenje. Z obstoječimi cepivi lahko preprečimo večino hujših predrakavih sprememb in raka materničnega vratu ter druge benigne in maligne neoplazme, povzročene z okužbo z virusi HPV.
Prenosi
Podatki o prenosih še niso na voljo.
Literatura
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<p>6. Ema Europa. Povzetek glavnih značilnosti zdravila Gardasil. Amsterdam: European medicines agencies; 2019 [cited 2019 Apr 16]. Available from: <a href="https://ema.europa.eu/documents/product-information/gardasil-9-epar-product-information_sl.pdf">https://ema.europa.eu/documents/product-information/gardasil-9-epar-product-information_sl.pdf</a>.</p>
<p>7. Poljak M, Kocjan B, Seme K, Fujs Komloš K, Potočnik M, Luzar B, et al. Humani virusi papiloma (HPV). Onkologija. 2005;9(2):60-72.</p>
<p>8. Burchell AN, Winer RL, de Sanjosé S, Franco EL. Chapter 6: epidemiology and transmission dynamics of genital HPV infection. Vaccine. 2006;24:S3.<br />DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.031">10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.031</a><br />PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16950018">16950018</a></p>
<p>9. Bruni L, Diaz M, Castellsagué X, Ferrer E, Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S. Cervical human papillomavirus prevalence in 5 continents: meta-analysis of 1 million women with normal cytological findings. J Infect Dis. 2010;202(12):1789-99.<br />DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/657321">10.1086/657321</a><br />PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21067372">21067372</a></p>
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<p>11. Takač I, Geršak KGinekologija in porodništvo. Maribor: Univerza v Mariboru; 2016. p. 134, 243.</p>
<p>12. Onkološki inšitut. Program in register Zora. Ljubljana: Onkološki inštitut; 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 26]. Available from: <a href="https://zora.onko-i.si/">https://zora.onko-i.si/</a>.</p>
<p>13. Ivanuš U, Jerman T, Fokter AR, Takac I, Prevodnik VK, Marcec M, et al. Randomised trial of HPV self-sampling among non-attenders in the Slovenian cervical screening programme ZORA: comparing three different screening approaches. Radiol Oncol. 2018;52(4):399-412.<br />DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2018-0036">10.2478/raon-2018-0036</a><br />PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30216191">30216191</a></p>
<p>14. Dovnik A, Repše Fokter A. P16/Ki-67 immunostaining in the triage of postmenopausal women with low-grade cytology results. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2020;24(3):235-7.<br />DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/LGT.0000000000000539">10.1097/LGT.0000000000000539</a><br />PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32574476">32574476</a></p>
<p>15. Dovnik A, Repše-Fokter A. p16/Ki-67 immunostaining in the triage of young women with LSIL, ASC-US, and ASC-H cytology. Diagn Cytopathol. 2020;48(1):96-7.<br />DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/dc.24339">10.1002/dc.24339</a><br />PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31714671">31714671</a></p>
<p>16. Šekoranja D, Repše Fokter A. Triaging atypical squamous cells - cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion with p16/Ki67 dual stain. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2017;21(2):108-11.<br />DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/LGT.0000000000000297">10.1097/LGT.0000000000000297</a><br />PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28244884">28244884</a></p>
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Avtor na prispevku, ki ga bo pripravil za Zdravniški vestnik, po pogodbi nanj prenaša vse materialne avtorske pravice, kakor izhajajo iz 22. člena Zakona o avtorski in sorodnih pravicah, in sicer pravico reproduciranja, pravico javnega izvajanja, pravico javnega prenašanja, pravico javnega predvajanja s fonogrami in videogrami, pravico javnega prikazovanja, pravico radiodifuznega oddajanja, pravico radiodifuzne retransmisije, pravico sekundarnega radiodifuznega oddajanja, pravico dajanja na voljo javnosti, pravico predelave, pravico avdiovizualne priredbe, pravico distribuiranja ter pravico dajanja v najem in vse druge pravice avtorja v skladu z ZASP.
Avtorjev prenos pravic po pogodbi je neizključen, velja za neomejeno število izdaj, za ves čas trajanja materialnih avtorskih pravic ter je prostorsko neomejen.
Avtor sme avtorsko delo tudi sam izkoriščati ali avtorske pravice prenašati na tretje osebe, vendar oboje šele po preteku 3 mesecev od prve objave dela v reviji Zdravniški vestnik.
Avtor Zdravniškemu vestniku izrecno dovoli, da lahko pravice, pridobljene v skladu s pogodbo prenaša naprej na tretje osebe brez omejitev.
Avtor se strinja, da Zdravniški vestnik prispevek objavi pod pogoji licence Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0 (navedba avtorstva-nekomercialno) ali primerljive licence.
Kako citirati
1.
Več kot le rak materničnega vratu: neoplazme v povezavi z okužbo s človeškimi papilomavirusi in njihovo preprečevanje. ZdravVestn [Internet]. 2021 Apr. 30 [cited 2024 Sep. 28];90(3-4):208-1. Available from: https://vestnik.szd.si/index.php/ZdravVest/article/view/3037
